Maya And The Ancient Civilizations - 1283 Words

To this day, historians still discuss when exactly the Maya civilizations started but the most commonly accepted date is 1800 BCE in the Soconusco Region. Unlike other Mesoamerican civilizations, Maya was not confined to one area of land but rather stretched out over Central America. To historians today, the Maya civilization reached its peak during the Classic Period between AD 250 and 900. At its peak, the Maya population was over 2,000,000 people. Excavations of Mayan cities have uncovered plazas, temples, pyramids, ball playing courts, and even art. The peak of this civilization is considered to have occurred when the Mayans started to carve and produce beautiful low relief steles. The Stele in Figure 1 from the late Classic Maya period is an example of a low relief stele that the Mayans were so known for. Steles are generally made from wood or stone and are taller than the average human. They were erected as a monumental object for either commutative or funerary purposes. In Mes oamerica, the first steles were first seen from the Olmec’s; Mesoamerican civilization that existed between 1200 to 400 BCE. Maya Steles are typically carved in low relief in stone with a base altar; a base that typically had the name or some sort of offering to the figure in the stele. It was in the peak of the Mayan civilization, the Classic period, AD 250-900, which the steles were predominantly employed. The Maya people used steles mainly in the Classic period (AD 250-900) within their peakShow MoreRelatedAncient Maya Essay868 Words   |  4 PagesAncient Maya Essay Matthew Pitcher Mrs Meligrana Ancient Civilizations June 8th, 2011 Pitcher1 The Ancient Mayan civilization stands out from other ancient civilizations and is great because of its outstanding achievements and developments. The Mayans are still known to this day for their exceptional architecture, medical discoveries, astronomy, and military tactics which were very successful. In this essay I will explain what the Mayans have achieved to make themselvesRead MoreCharacteristics Of The Mayan Civilizations733 Words   |  3 Pages There are many different types of civilizations. Three major ones are the Aztec, Maya, and Inca . These different civilizations play a very important role in history today. The Maya empire was highly skilled at building and architecture. They also were the only empire in mesoamerica to develop a complete writing system. The Maya were also highly skilled at agriculture and farming. The Maya were by far the most advanced and smart civilization. The Maya empire was very precise and exact when itRead MoreThe Aztecs And The Incas1135 Words   |  5 Pagesof other stars! This is what the Aztecs and the Mayas saw every night. Both the Aztec and the Maya were a powerful and advanced civilization that were created separately from the Western European civilizations and did an amazing job doing so. Just like many other Ancient Civilizations the night sky plays a significant role in their society. Astronomy, Religion, culture and architecture are all aligned the stars. Both the Aztecs and the Maya originated in what is now the southern part of MexicoRead MoreDisappearance of the Mayan Civilization Essay1008 Words   |  5 PagesDisappearance of the Mayan Civilization Dawn Herron- (su200126206) Dr. Caren Stayer World Cultures I online 01/13/14 The End of the Maya Empire: In 800 A.D. the Maya Empire contained of a number of powerful city-states spreading from southern Mexico to northern Honduras. These cities were home to massive populations and were ruled by a leading choice that could understand vast armies and demanded to be inclined from the stars and planets themselves. Maya culture was at itsRead MoreEconomy in Early American Civilizations: Maya, Aztecs and Inca865 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican civilization was the Aztec civilization. They were located in the Valley of Mexico around the 13th to 16th century CE, and they used slash-and-burn farming to plant crops to trade. The Inca Empire existed from the 13th to the 16th century CE along the Pacific coast of South America near the Andes Mountains. The Inca used terrace farming and irrigation to grow crops such as corn. The economies of these early American civilizations were heavily based on trade and agriculture. The Ancient MayaRead More The Ancient Maya Essay940 Words   |  4 Pages The Maya of Mesoamerica, along with the Aztecs of Mexico and the Incas of Peru, made up the high civilizations of the American Indians at the time of the Spanish conquest. Both the Aztecs and the Incas were late civilizations, between 1300-1533 AD, but the Maya of the Yucatan and Guatemala exhibited a cultural continuity spanning more than 2,000 years, 1000 BC-AD 1542. Many aspects of this culture continue yet today. The Ancient Maya in their time had actually refined writing. They hadRead MoreThe Olmecs, Aztecs And Mayans988 Words   |  4 PagesA very long time ago, there were many ancient civilizations, three of them were called the Olmecs, Aztecs and Mayans. These were ancient civilizations that, throughout history, had many accomplishments. Focusing in on some of these achievements, a lot of the advancements made by these civilizations were in religion, economy, and technology. The Olmec religion was very influential on areas like the Mesoamerican, both in the mythological world and social development. For a lot of reasons, the OlmecRead MoreHow The Maya Civilization Was A Major Social Entity From Approximately 2600 B.c1316 Words   |  6 Pages Mesoamerica Essay The Maya civilization was a major social entity from approximately 2600 B.C.E. to 1521 C.E. The Maya civilization was never a fully unified society; it was primarily made up of numerous small states, in and around what is now known as the Yucatan Peninsula. These states, each apparently centered on a city, were ruled by individual kings. Sometimes, a stronger Maya state would dominate a weaker state and be able to exact tribute and labor from it. The development of agricultureRead MoreA Brief Look at the Mayan Civilization Essay example1548 Words   |  7 PagesOlmec were the Maya people. The Maya can be analyzed in terms of their culture. This civilization came about in Mesoamerica around 250 AD with a great influence coming from that of the Olmec. The first 650 years of the Maya civilization’s existence was known as the Classic Period. They created a remarkable society of more than 40 cities in the region which is now southern Mexico, Guatemala, and northern Belize. The cit ies contained mostly ceremonial centers and majority of the Maya lived a rural agriculturalRead MoreThe Role of Religion in Shaping Civilization795 Words   |  4 PagesThe role of religion in shaping civilization From the beginning of human race or Homo sapiens, they were run by curiosity. Human were started to live together but didn’t know what was right or wrong, used to do things whatever wanted like killing each other, mass adultery with inter and intra species, eating whatever wanted. So there were many questions, curious Homo sapiens all over the world didn’t know the answers. After 10,000 BC by the invention of agriculture human race started to live together

Can Telemedicine Reduce Health Costs Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(170) " that the Southern Governors ‘ Association and the Western Governors ‘ Association demonstrated a important degree of leading in the country of telemedicine\." Telemedicine utilizes assorted information and telecommunication engineerings to supply medical services remotely. Besides specific medical processs, nosologies and electronic records, it besides provides supervising systems between healthcare suppliers and patients to advance home-health direction, instruction, clinical position and wellness result followup ( National Association for Home Care And Hospice, 2008 ) . It is frequently seen as a possible scheme to cut down wellness disparities created by geographic or temporal barriers, homebound position, and cultural stigma. We will write a custom essay sample on Can Telemedicine Reduce Health Costs Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now It can buoy up the job of disproportionality in the geographic allotments of healthcare resources and work forces, and increase the entree of health care system among the underserved communities and populations ( Cousineau, 2010b ) . It has besides shown an ability to better wellness communicating by exceeding the temporal boundaries and diminishing the waiting clip in the diagnostic procedure. The expeditious entree to telemedicine non merely saves clip but besides reduces cost by using the resources more expeditiously and extinguishing unneeded travelling clip for both doctors and patients, courier services, excess staffing, and excess infirmary stay ( Matusitz A ; Breen, 2007 ) . Therefore it is really likely to be an alternate and economical option to relieve the load of the limited wellness work force and resources in our health care bringing systems. The Healthy People 2010 includes ends of eliminate wellness disparities among sections of different populations ( U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2005 ) . Surveies have shown that rural countries experience more wellness disparities such as both morbidity, mortality, and with insurance coverage ( Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2009 ) . Age is besides an of import factor that contributes to healthcare barriers such as homebound position and transit affairs. The aged have systematically accounted for about 50 % of all health care expenditures in the United States ( Cousineau, 2010a ) . As the demand for the wellness attention additions, there will be fewer health care workers for attention bringing. If the current tendencies continue, the spread between supply and demand of rural doctor and nurses will be even larger than in urban countries ( Cousineau, 2010b ) . Given the continued growing of chronic unwellne ss in our society and the detonation of new health-related engineerings, surgical techniques and drugs ( Cousineau, 2010c ) , inquiries of how, or if telemedicine can cut down costs or better entree must be address in order to see it as a feasible solution for the drawn-out health care bringing in the United State. Issues In malice of the progresss of medical engineering and wellness information sciences that have improved the ability for telemedicine to supply entree to a spectrum of attention, insurance companies and funders continue to eschew the issue of reimbursement for telemedicine services. Indeed, though there has been great promise of telemedicine development really small advancement has really been achieved. The primary challenges continue to be limited reimbursement, licensure, and patient privateness ( Matusitz A ; Breen, 2007 ) . Since Senate Bill 1665 enacted the â€Å" Telemedicine Delivery Act of 1996 † which imposed legion demand regulating the bringing of health care via telemedicine, several related policies such as HR3030 and HR3200 have besides been introduced to Congress to supply low-cost telemedicine services with ordinances. However, they are all still pending and have been unable to continue. Since there is no direct opposition disputing telemedicine-related policies , this paper will concentrate on discoursing the regulative barriers and legislative actions forestalling them from come oning. With respect to the limited research grounds and expertness in telemedicine, this paper will besides analyse the recent Congressional proposal HR 1601 by sing the quality and wellness results of telemedicine system. Last, it will discourse the impact of Healthcare Reform on telemedicine and my recommendation for future waies. Regulative Barriers and Legislative Actions Licensure Presently each province regulates its ain pattern of medical specialty. This is a jurisdictional right that is recognized by the Supreme Court. For this ground, most healthcare professionals are licensed on a state-by-state footing. Telemedicine hence is besides geographically regulated by single provinces. Many legal issues originate when a â€Å" pattern † is done via a telecommunication nexus across different province lines. Each province they cross into can enforce a demand on the supplier to keep a full medical licence before seeing their out-of-state patients via telemedicine engineerings. It is hard and dearly-won for healthcare practicians to keep and keeping multiple licences, particularly those in the rural countries where the healthcare demand is non stable ( Cousineau, 2010b ) . For this ground, many merely choose to restrict their pattern to a individual province. In 1996, the Federation of State Medical BoardsA developed theoretical account statute law which allows a province to supply and administrate a limited telemedicine licence. This limited licence permits wellness practicians to pattern in different provinces via telemedicine engineerings, but non physically. Conversely, the American Medical Association decided to follow a policy that requires a full and unrestricted licence in order for a doctor to pattern telemedicine across province lines ( Nickelson, 1998 ) . Beyond licensure issues, while interstate telemedicine patterns could better entree to our current health care systems, it besides raises inquiries about malpractice and struggle of jurisprudence. Presently each province develops its ain malpractice insurance evaluation and most malpractice insurance does non use in instances outside of the province. On the other manus the suppliers of each province are besides concerned about how to exercise legal power over such malpractice claim against other suppliers from out of province who may non be capable to the legal power of the administrative regulative organic structures. Although a national licensure theoretical account for telemedicine seems like a logical solution, it is improbable to get the better of the political and constitutional issues in one measure. A regional geographic attack affecting province medical insurance companies to clear up coverage bounds and develop new policies might be more executable. For illustration, based on telemedicine activities from the Governor ‘s Associations and Councils in the yesteryear, Cwiek et Al found that the Southern Governors ‘ Association and the Western Governors ‘ Association demonstrated a important degree of leading in the country of telemedicine. You read "Can Telemedicine Reduce Health Costs Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" They have proven to better entree to healthcare and medical specializers and cut down medical costs by traveling information alternatively of people ( Cwiek, Rafiq, Qamar, Tobey, A ; Merrell, 2007 ) . Reimbursement In 1997, both the House and the Senate passed HR2015 – Balanced Budget Act. It enabled partial Medicare reimbursement for Telemedicine services. However, professional audience was the lone service allowed by the measure and the payment had to be shared among assorted parties with really rigorous ordinances. In 2000, Congress passed appropriations measure HR 5661, the Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP Benefits Improvement and Protection Act, which significantly revised Medicare ordinances for reimbursement for Telemedicine services ( The American Telemedicine Association, 2010 ) . The Healthcare Financing Administration extended Medicare coverage to medical visits, audiences, mental wellness services, and pharmacologic monitoring of patients populating in the rural country. Further, it extended payment rates to suppliers which were similar to that paid without the usage of telemedicine. Medicare besides pays a installation fee for per telemedicine session. However, obstructions rem ain because the reimbursement is normally allowed for directed physical communicating merely, such as face-to-face audiences. Besides, the opposition of reimbursement from the private insurance companies continues with non-feasible ordinances ( Matusitz A ; Breen, 2007 ) . Limited research grounds on Telemedicine and HR1601 HR1601 was introduced to the Congress by Jefferson in 2007 and it was referred to Committee for consideration of telemedicine service facilitation ( Thomas Library of Congress, 2007 ) . The end of this measure is to bespeak grants to put up telemedicine services in a spectrum of assorted healthcare systems including nursing place and public clinics. Rather than proposing the solution or overall support mechanism in the long term the purpose of this measure is to bespeak support for telemedicine pilot undertakings and bring forth research grounds. HR1601 would guarantee that the Office for the Advancement of Telemedicine in the Health Resources and Services Administration ( HRSA ) would supervise and organize pilot surveies with related federal bureaus of medical underserved populations in both urban and rural country, with the assistance of grants. HRSA would do recommendation harmonizing to their rating of whether these undertakings consequences in addition of entree and quality of attention, publicity of patient independency, lessening wellness disparities, and betterment of cost effectivity ( Prinz, Cramer, A ; Englund, 2008 ) . Quality The quality of telemedicine services has the most direct impact on the likeliness of go throughing policies of support. In order to present the optimum telemedicine service the quality of the telemedicine system needs to be reliable, user friendly and cosmopolitan in order to incorporate into assorted computerized system. Standardized counsel should be implemented so the telemedicine system can efficaciously and accurately pass on with bing computerized system in the infirmary and place wellness bureaus. The challenge lays in the complexness of telemedicine engineering, including hardware and package mutual exclusiveness, system integrating complexness, and communicating troubles due to low velocity digital lines ( Prinz, et al. , 2008 ) . Information could be lost while meeting communicating troubles and equipment failures which would earnestly impact the dependability of telemedicine service suppliers, particularly private place wellness bureaus in the rural country. Health result Use of Telemedicine engineering ( such as picture cameras and supervising devices ) in the Home Care puting additions entree to healthcare bringing by leting direct communicating between patients and wellness practicians beyond geographic and temporal boundaries. There is increasing grounds demoing that that telemedicine is associated with the positive result of self-management and conformity in chronic unwellness such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes ( Artinian, 2007 ; Chumbler, et al. , 2005 ) . On the other manus, some argue that this grounds is non quantifiable because of the use of assorted telemedicine engineerings in different disease countries. The deficiency of thorough clinical tests might be the ground that holds back reimbursement organisation and promotion of telemedicine uses ( Prinz, et al. , 2008 ) . Some grounds even shows that using telemedicine services contributes no difference in patients ‘ wellness result but a greater cost comparison to other healt hcare bringing methods ( Bowles A ; Baugh, 2007 ) , therefore corrupting the necessity to reimburse a more dearly-won healthcare bringing method. The Impact of American Recovery and Reinvestment Act A ; Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Based on the belief that wellness information engineering and electronic medical records are indispensable for the transmutation of telemedicine health care bringing, the federal authorities utilized the commissariats of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 ( ARRA ) to authorise about $ 38 billion in funding for wellness information engineering substructure over the following 6 old ages. The inside informations about how this support will be utilized are written in the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health ( HITECH ) subdivision in the ARRA. The largest part of this support is targeted at incentive payments by Medicare and Medicaid to eligible suppliers for the execution of wellness information engineerings. Specifically, in order to be qualified for these inducements the health care suppliers must follow a certification for the electronic medical record system and exhibit the practical usage ( Cline, 2010 ) . In March 2009 President Obama signed HR 3590, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ( PPACA ) into jurisprudence. ThisA important wellness attention reform jurisprudence allows advanced payment and service bringing theoretical account to better entree, quality of health care, and cut down plan cost to persons, written specifically in Section 3021 ( Government Relations Staff, 2010 ) . A New Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation will back up primary attention practicians on flying telemedicine application in chronic attention direction. It will implement telemedicine plan in infirmaries, accountable attention organisations, and independency at place for distant patient monitoring. This jurisprudence encourages wellness information engineering and electronic medical records acceptance to ease attention coordination. It besides allows each province to utilize the new Medicaid â€Å" Health Home † plan to progress chronic attention. Recommendations Overall, I believe that the Telemedicine can increase entree and cut down cost in the long tally with the support of American Recovery and Reinvestment Act A ; Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. There is no uncertainty that the Telemedicine is capable of transforming our health care bringing system in both positive and negative waies, nevertheless, I believe that the pros outweigh the cons. It is notable that most of the up to day of the month pilot research surveies mentioned supra have made positive impacts on the entree of healthcare bringing. Inadequate and unequal coverage for telemedicine service earnestly delayed the execution of cost-saving and quality-improvement solutions, and constrained the entree and picks in assorted forte services in rural countries. Current expanded Medicare coverage for Telemedicine is in procedure of work outing this issue, but specifically I think Congress should besides widen Medicare coverage to medical services using â€Å" store-and- forward † telemedicine ( for illustration direction and showing for diabetic related retinopathy ) , and to suppliers whose services are otherwise covered for Medicare. I besides recommend a more aggressive plan for pull offing the demands and costs of chronic patients who are presently homebound or are potentially at hazard to be administered into a infirmary or nursing place. Thousands of veteran patients are profiting from place wellness telemedicine plan to organize their attention. The US Veteran Affairs have found that their patients follow the usage of these devices easy and are really satisfied with their attention coordination service ( US Department of Veterans Affairs, 2009 ) . Therefore, Congress should advance Home Telemedicine and include it in the reimbursement component to cover the costs of related devices and engineering. Most provinces ‘ Medicaid already covered some telemedicine services. It can be optimize by back uping primary attention doctors to s uit telemedicine services, maximise the usage of picture and telecommunication to cut down patients ‘ travelling, and increase â€Å" store-and-forward † engineering uses such as sharing medical images for diagnosing. The current rural wellness plan should prolong the operation of high-velocity cyberspace entree and wireless connexion within all eligible wellness installations to accomplish efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Congress should besides set up a licensing board to promote interstate medical licensure cooperation by geographic zone. Finally, I believe that with effectual execution, wellness practicians and patients can get the better of the challenges limited the development and success of telemedicine. How to cite Can Telemedicine Reduce Health Costs Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Quality Management and General Education in Saudi Arabia

Context: Case Description and Background Information Improving quality in the system of education is a tricky task that requires addressing a range of complex dilemmas.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Quality Management and General Education in Saudi Arabia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite the fact that the process of enhancing quality standards in the system of the Saudi Arabian education is clearly a positive change to witness (Aldaweesh, Al-Karaghouli Gallear, 2012), the process may easily become convoluted due to the large amount of factors that need to be embraced prior to the provision of the required alterations. Moreover, the usefulness of the project in question has been basically proven by a range of outcomes of its implication, my experience being one of them. Unless the TQM model had been introduced into the framework of the Saudi Arabian education, students would have been deprived of a n opportunity to improve the quality of their performance, as well as boost their motivation rates and acknowledge the significance of learning. Retrospectively, the process of planting the idea of TQM into the Saudi Arabian educational setting in general and the school that I worked in particular may have inspired students to adopt the principle of lifelong learning. Therefore, teachers and learners are the key stakeholders in the specified case. Main principles of change management and Strategies Implemented The integration of the TQM model into the Saudi Arabian education setting can be viewed as a major breakthrough on the state’s way to improving the quality of education and broadening educational perspectives for students within the state. Over the course of my work as an assistant of a teacher in a Saudi Arabian college, I have noticed that some of the quality assurance principles have been altered significantly over the past few years after the integration of the so-c alled TQM model; allowing for a more efficient time management, creating a set of rather rigid standards, and improving the overall performance of the students. More importantly, the TQM model promotes a rapid and significant increase in the overall competency of the teaching staff; therefore, promoting better quality standards for teaching (Alruwaili, 2013). As a result, the Saudi students are enabled to acquire deeper knowledge and train their skills in a more efficient manner, therefore, contributing to the development of diligence I learners, making them more studious.Advertising Looking for case study on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Indeed, an overview of the existing researches on the effects of the TQM initiative promoted in the Saudi Arabian educational setting will show that the process of decision making in the Saudi Arabian education setting is improved with the help of the above-mentioned tool:  "The economy and the dynamics of technology and globalization were the key motivators for introducing TQM as a Ministry policy and in its procedures, management and leadership† (Alruwaili, 2013, p. 257). Therefore, the introduction of the specified model into the framework of the Saudi Arabian education will allow for a reciprocal improvement of the quality standards for teachers’ and students’ performance. Challenges, Key Concerns and Perspectives The implementation of the change in the specified background, in fact, received rater mixed responses from both teachers and students. While some of them considered the transfer to the QM model a major improvement, others perceived the change as a huge impediment to the teaching and studying process. Among the key arguments of the proponents of the system in question, Fullan (Selwood, Fung, O’Mahoney, 2012) deserves to be mentioned fist. Those, who were against the provision of the aforementioned change in the Saudi Arabian setting, stressed the negative effects, which the alterations required for establishing the TQM system, will trigger inevitably. Particularly, the fact that the introduction of the new system would require a complete rearrangement of the college policies and, therefore, will entail a number of issues concerning the college schedule, should be mentioned. Indeed, the alterations in the existing guidelines for quality management, as well as the standards of quality in general, will slacken the process of teaching inevitably, thus, possibly causing a backlash among teachers. The above-mentioned suppositions concerning the issues, which the TQM system was bound to cause in the Saudi Arabian school setting, in fact, proved right; in fact, the positive outcome of the framework implementation aligned with the suppositions voiced by a range of theorists (Aldaweesh, Al-Karaghouli Gallear, 2013).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Quality Management and General Education in Saudi Arabia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, apart from the people, who were against the change, there were just as many of those, who supported it and saw it as a solution to the problems that the college was facing at the time, including the issues related to students losing motivation for excelling in their studies. As the case described above shows, change is an essential part of success. As long as educators are willing to promote efficient knowledge acquisition among students, they must be able to accept innovative approaches towards teaching and informing students about the latest studying strategies. More importantly, the standards for evaluating students’ performance must be updated regularly. The significance of change has been stressed by a range of theorists, however, it was Fullan, who advanced the idea of change in educational setting and took it to an entirely new level (Fullan, 200 8). The change described above, in fact, aligns with the key tenets of the theory suggested by the researcher. Indeed, according to Fullan, the process of change presupposes altering not only materials and objects, but also beliefs and principles that a specific community represents. In other words, Fullan promotes the concept of moral purpose as the basis for carrying out any alterations within a specific community: â€Å"Moral purpose in educational change is about improving society through improving educational systems and thus the learning of all citizens† (Fullan, 2005, p. 54). The specified concept sheds a lot of light on the reaction of the Saudi Arabian students and teachers to the introduction of new principles of teaching and learning to them. Particularly, the theory that Fullan suggests promotes the creation of a strong foundation for the required alterations to occur; as a result, people will be able to get used to the new methods of teaching, learning and behavi ng in educational setting. Moreover, by creating his theory, Fullan practically spells out the importance of striving towards a consistent progress: â€Å"The change process is about establishing the condition for continuous improvement in order to persist and overcome inevitable barriers to reform† (Fullan, 2005, p. 55).Moreover, Fullan draws a rather thin yet noticeable line between innovation and innovativeness, thus, stressing the fact that change must be not merely tolerated, but embraced by every single member of the organization (Fullan, 2006).Advertising Looking for case study on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is only after the staff members change their minds about the outcomes of the alterations, which they witness, that a major improvement can be expected. Conclusion: Outcomes, Recommendations and Lessons Learned The change described above may not seem as significant as other tendencies in the Saudi Arabian education, yet its implications are bound to have a drastic effect on the overall process of students’ education. Its implications being long-term for the most part, the innovation described above can be viewed as a major foot forward in the process of facilitating affordable and multiple education options for Saudi Arabian students. Although some of the effects, which the specified policy is bound to have on the education of Saudi Arabian students, can be viewed as equivocal, most of the outcomes can be viewed as positive for the overall development of the state education system. More importantly, the change, which I witnessed in the course of participating in the Saudi A rabian educational program, will affect students in a positive manner, opening new opportunities for students and allowing them to gain an entirely new experience. In addition, the theoretical frameworks, which I have studied, have been very important in understanding the nature of change and the means of carrying out alterations without disrupting the system that an organization works according to. The theories learned provide an array of tools and strategies for making changes; however, apart from showing how a change should be done, these theories that have been provided as a prime example of promoting change show how to help people get accustomed to the alterations of the environment that they are used to. As a result, both students and teachers are capable of using the strategies that will help them deal with the change and learn new skills fast. Consequently, it is recommendable that the specified change should continue to occur in the Saudi Arabian setting; however, both teac hers and students should reconsider their responsibilities as the members of the existing education system and assume academic responsibility towards the goals and standards that they have to meet. Reference List Aldaweesh, M., Al-Karaghouli, W. Gallear, D. (2012). The relationship between total quality management implementation and leadership in the Saudi higher education: A review and conceptual framework. European, Mediterranean Middle Eastern Conference on Information Systems, 7(8), 461–467. Aldaweesh, M., Al-Karaghouli, W. Gallear, D. (2013). The Effective Implementation of Total Quality Management and Leadership in Saudi Universities: A Review and Framework to Enhancing H.E. Strategy. European, Mediterranean Middle Eastern Conference on Information Systems, 17(1), 1–21. Alruwaili, J. (2013). Total quality management in education directorates in Saudi Arabia: contrasting provincial case studies. Public Policy and Administration Research, 3(6), 26–34. Fu llan, M. (2005). 8 forces for leaders of change. In M. Fullan, The challenge of change: Start school improvement now! (pp. 54–64). Thousand Oaks, CA Corwin Press. Fullan, M. (2006). Change theory: A force for school improvement. Web. Fullan, M. (2008). The six secrets of change. Web. Selwood, I. D., Fung, A. O’Mahoney, C. D. (2012). Management of education in the information age: The role of ICT. New York, NY: Springer. This case study on Quality Management and General Education in Saudi Arabia was written and submitted by user T0adMen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Definition and Examples of the Zero Copula

Definition and Examples of the Zero Copula In grammar, zero copula refers to the absence of an explicit auxiliary verb (usually a form of the verb be) in certain constructions where it is customarily found in standard English. Also called copula deletion  or understood copula. In their book Spoken Soul: The Story of Black English (Wiley, 2000), John R. Rickford and Russell J. Rickford note that the zero copula is one of the most distinctive and identity-affirming characteristics of ​African-American Vernacular English  (AAVE). Examples and Observations I dont say stuff to people most of the time. Mostly I just look at them like they stupid.(Katherine S. Newman, No Shame in My Game: The Working Poor in the Inner City. Random House, 2000)Why she cant come to me? Fanny asked as she passed Mercy off to a neighbor so she could walk faster. Where she been? Where she at now? Fanny asked, wringing her hands. She knew something was wrong.(Bernice L. McFadden, This Bitter Earth. Plume, 2002)The Zero Copula in African-American Vernacular English (AAVE)One of the most interesting characteristics of AAE is the . . . use of the zero copula. As [William] Labov (1969) has explained, the rule for its use is really quite simple. If you can contract be in SE [Standard English], you can delete it in AAE. That is, since He is nice can be contracted to Hes nice in SE, it can become He nice in AAE. Likewise, But everybodys not black can become But everybody not black. . . .We should note that the zero copula is very rarely found in the speech of whites, even poor southern whites. Not all blacks use it either.(Ronald Wardhaugh, An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, 6th ed. Wiley-Blackwell, 2010) ​\ Factors Governing the Use of the Zero Copula [Toya A.] Wyatt (1991) found that AAE preschoolers were more likely to use zero copula: after pronoun subjects (56%) rather than noun subjects (21%); before locative predicates (35%) and adjective predicates (27%) rather than noun predicates (18%); and in second person singular and plural predicates (45%) rather than third person singular predicates (19%). In addition, the zero copula occurred less than 1% of the time in past tense, first person singular, and final clause contexts. This suggests that as early as three years of age, AAE child speakers not only acquire the basic grammatical features of AAE but also the language-specific variable rules that govern their use (Wyatt 1996).(Toya A. Wyatt, Childrens Acquisition and Maintenance of AAE. Sociocultural and Historical Contexts of African American English, ed. by Sonja L. Lanehart. John Benjamins, 2001) I hold Jinggaya. Jinggaya, you all right? I ask. I got bad fear she hurt.Yes, yes, she say. I all right. You all right?(Andrew Parkin, A Thing Apart. Troubador, 2002) Zero Copula and Pidgins Zero copula is probably the single feature most readily associated with pidgins. . . . However, it is not an exclusively pidgin feature by any means. . . . Thus, while zero copula may exist, or have existed at some time, in all pidgins, it is not a feature which distinguishes pidgins from other languages.(Philip Baker, Some Developmental Inferences From Historical Studies of Pidgins and Creoles. The Early Stages of Creolization, ed. by Jacques Arends. John Benjamins, 1995) Suddenly the managers boy put his insolent black head in the doorway, and said in a tone of scathing contemptMistah Kurtzhe dead.(Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness, 1903)

7 Tips for Using Suspensive Hyphenation

7 Tips for Using Suspensive Hyphenation 7 Tips for Using Suspensive Hyphenation 7 Tips for Using Suspensive Hyphenation By Mark Nichol Often, when both items in a pair of hyphenated phrases have a common element, the first instance of that element can be elided, or omitted, without erasing the connection; the incomplete phrase is implied to have the same form as the complete one. However, as shown in these examples, it’s essential to treat the phrases, especially their hyphens, correctly: 1. â€Å"The holding pond’s collapse sent more than a billion gallons of arsenic and mercury-laden sludge into the river.† The sludge was laden with a combination of arsenic and mercury; arsenic was not released separately from mercury-laden sludge. Because laden can serve to team up with both arsenic and mercury, it is omitted from where it might first appear; the phrase â€Å"arsenic-laden† is merely implied. A hyphen is attached to arsenic to express the elision: â€Å"The holding pond’s collapse sent more than a billion gallons of arsenic- and mercury-laden sludge into the river.† 2. â€Å"The company provides small- and medium-size businesses with service and support.† The hyphen following small implies that â€Å"small-size† is the intended construction, but size is not appropriate in association with small: â€Å"The company provides small and medium-size businesses with service and support.† 3. â€Å"The 1-2 year old wolf is still a baby.† The confusing adjective string before wolf is meant to express that the animal is either a 1-year-old or a 2-year-old. You can write that an animal is 1-2 years old, but here you must hyphenate the construction â€Å"(number)-year-old† to modify the noun that follows. The correct full form of the sentence would be â€Å"The 1-year-old to 2-year-old wolf is still a baby,† but the first instance of â€Å"year-old† can be elided: â€Å"The 1- to 2-year-old wolf is still a baby.† Note the letter space following 1 this element has no connection to to, so don’t connect them. 4. â€Å"Marc Antony was seen as Cleopatra’s drink-and-love besotted dupe.† The trainlike coupling of â€Å"drink-and-love† makes no grammatical sense. Observers thought of Marc Antony as separately besotted by drink and love, so he was a drink-besotted dope and a love-besotted dope, or, as follows: â€Å"Marc Antony was seen as Cleopatra’s drink- and love-besotted dupe.† 5. â€Å"The difference between pre- and post-Civil War attitudes was profound.† The elision of â€Å"Civil War† after pre- is correct, but when a prefix or suffix is attached (or implied to attach) to a proper noun or to more than one term, a sturdy en dash is called in to substitute for the little hyphen: â€Å"The difference between pre and postCivil War attitudes was profound.† 6. â€Å"She felt underpaid and -appreciated.† Though use of suspensive hyphenation in the case of words with otherwise closed prefixes (â€Å"The fund was alternately over- and underfunded†) is correct, avoid applying it with closed suffixes: â€Å"She felt underpaid and underappreciated.† 7. â€Å"The box contained a stack of 3- by 5-inch cards.† By signals that this sentence does not refer to 3-inch cards and 5-inch cards; this statement is in a separate class. When two dimensions refer to a single object, link the entire phrasal adjective together: â€Å"The box contained a stack of 3-by-5-inch cards.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Meaning of "To a T"80 Idioms with the Word TimeI wish I were...

Cherokee removal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cherokee removal - Essay Example The removal has been regarded as a tragic incident in the history of Cherokee nation. They called it Nu Na da ul Tsum yi in their own language that mans a place where they cried. During the Indian removal efforts there were several other nations also removed from the American South and other regions including Choctaws, Chickasaws and Creek Indians etc. The Cherokee nation resisted against the removal efforts and also hired some lawyers to combat with this forces relocation but eventually they had to leave their homes in South and were forcefully moved towards North America. The removal of Cherokees was result of passage of Indian Removal Act by Congress in 1830 in which the federal government was given the power to forcefully relocate any Native American nation from east to west side of the country. The act also affirms that the Native Americans have to be compensated for the removal but in practical the process was not undertook very fairly and the most of the eastern tribes had to face high level of ethnic discrimination from the authorities that eventually caused decline in their numbers (Perdue and Green, p127). The Cherokees were inhabited in Georgia since the 1791 treaty with the U.S government but after the discovery of gold in that place, the government decided to reside white people in Georgia. In 1830, the whites reclaimed their lands but they had to face strong protest from the Cherokees who took the case of the U.S Supreme Court where the decision came out in their favour. In 1838, the U.S. President and Congress forced Native Americans to leave their lands and settle down in their new homes in Indian Territory. Almost one third population of Cherokee nation was died during this process due to which this incident is also referred as Trail of Tears in the history of United States. The efforts of Indian removal were backed by the thought that the Native Americans including Cherokees settled in Georgia and other south states are barrier in the way of p rogress of the nation and it is imperative to remove these people from these lands to carry on the process of development and progression. The government of U.S negotiated with some tribes and convinced them to leave their lands and move towards the other territory however, the Cherokee nation refused and condemn the policy of U.S government and announced their strong opposition for this decision. In 1823, there was a decision made by Supreme Court in which it was decided that the Indians only have the right to occupy lands in US but they don’t have right to hold the title for these lands because their right of occupancy is not powerful as the US right of discovery. It was a great threat to the Indians and the Cherokees responded towards this policy with great concern and worried. They formulated the policies of restricting the sale of the land to the government so that they could protect it from going into the hands of the government and white people. \ The Cherokees adopted several nonviolent policies in response to the US Indian removal policies. They has several options in front of them however they adopted Anglo American practice and got involved in some constructive activities and developments like large scale farming, seeking western education and slave holding etc. As a result of these efforts they were regarded as the civilized Indian tribe however, these steps made the whites indignant

Job Analysis and Design Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Job Analysis and Design Paper - Essay Example Human Resources Manager (HRM) is a significant job not only to large firms but also to small enterprises. Some of the major duties of a HRM include selection and training of the employees, ensuring the safety of the employees, providing the conditions of the employment and advising the top management on the issues affecting the staff. In addition, human resources manager modify benefits policies to ensure that companies adopt competitive programs that are focused at retaining employees and attracting experienced staff (Ulrich, 1996). To ensure ethics within an organisation, Human Resources Manager advises the management on issues such as sexual harassment within the working environment as well as guiding the top managers on issues pertaining to equal employment opportunities. To ensure positive relationship between the employees and the management, Human Resources Manager acts as a referee in case of disputes in the work places. It is vital to note that to maintain a motivated staff, free intermingling between the employees and the management is imperative. In this regard, HRM establishes recreation programs that bring together the managers and other employees. To ensure other employees emulate their human resources manager, HRM is required to evaluate their weaknesses and strengths. In this way, they will notice the areas that need improvement. In the same way, HRM should develop a sense of responsibility among the employees. In this way, the staff will not only be motivated but also they will be held accountable for their actions during their